Atrial Septal Defect: To Close or Not To Close?

5/13/2004


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Table of Contents

Atrial Septal Defect: To Close or Not To Close?

Definition & Incidence

Historical Note

Types of Atrial Septal Defect

Normal Intraatrial Anatomy

Types of Atrial Septal Defect

Variants of ASD

Associated Cardiac Anomalies in Patients with ASD*

Clinical Features

Symptoms

Signs

Chest Radiography

Electrocardiography & Echocardiography

Echocardiography

Cardiac Catheterization

Survival

Impact of NonClosure of ASD on Survival

Pulmonary Hypertension

Impact of Age on Mortality after Surgical Closure of ASD

Functional Status

Spontaneous Closure

Supraventricular Arrhythmias

Indications for Closure

Postoperative Care

Technical Pitfalls

Results of Surgical Repair

Special Situations and Controversies

Closure of ASD by Percutaneous Techniques

Need for Cold Cardioplegic Myocardial Protection

Direct Suture versus Patch Repair

Patch Material in Atrial Septum

Repair in Presence of Increased Pulmonary Vascular Resistance

Summary

Author: akarunaratne

Home Page: http://www.edu.rcsed.ac.uk